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绝密★考试结束前
2023年4月高等教育自学考试
现代语言学试题
课程代码：00830
1. 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔
填写在答题纸规定的位置上。
选择题部分
注意事项：
每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮
擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。
I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(2%×10=20%)
1."From now on I will consider language to be a set (finite or infinite) of sentences, each
finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements."This definition of
language was proposed by
A. Saussure B. Sapir
C. Hall D.Chomsky
2.Of the following transcriptions of English words, is represented in narrow
transcription.
A.[li:f] B.[bild]
C.[p'it] D.[helθ]
3. is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the
rules by which words are formed.
A. Morphology B. Phonology
C. Semantics D.Syntax
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4. The incorporated, or subordinate clause is normally called a(n) clause, and the
other clause is called a(n) clause.
A. matrix.. embedded
B. independent... dependent
C. dependent.. independent
D. embedded...matrix
5. The view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to; rather, in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of
concepts in the mind.
A. behaviorist B. conceptualist
C. constructivis D. contextualist
6. "Be relevant"is an interpretation of under the Cooperative Principle.
A. the maxim of quantity
B. the maxim of quality
C. the maxim of relation
D. the maxim of manner
7.In terms of language family, Latin belongs to the
A.Indo-European Family
B. Sino-Tibetan Family
C. Austronesian Family
D. Afroasiatic Family
8. A community is a group of people who form community, and share the same
language or a particular variety of language.
A. regional B. speech
C. social D. dialect
9. Many of the cognitive abilities that distinguish humans from other mammals, such as
sophisticated reasoning, linguistic skills, and musical ability, are believed to reside in the
A. cortex B. forehead
C. angular gyrus D. Broca's area
10.When a child starts stringing more than two words together, the utterances may be two,
three, four, or five words or longer, hence the stage.
A. babbling B. multiword
C. one-word D. two-word
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非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
Ⅱ. Directions:Fill in the blank on the ANSWER SHEET in each of the following
statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note
that you are to fill in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%×10=10%)
11. Chomsky defines c as the ideal user's knowledge of rules of his language.
12. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in
isolation, they are collectively known as i
13.In terms of word endings, English is simpler than some other languages such as Russian, French, and German, as in its historical development it has dropped quite a few of its affixes.
14. The h order of a sentence can be best illustrated with a tree diagram of constituent
structure.
15. When pair words such as rain/reign, night/knight, piece/peace are identical in sound, they
are h
16. The notion of c is essential to the pragmatic study of language. It is generally
considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer.
17. English has undergone dramatic changes throughout the three major periods of Old
English,M English and Modern English.
18. S is a casual use of language that consists of expressive but nonstandard
vocabulary, typically of arbitrary, flashy and often ephemeral coinages and figures of
speech characterized by spontaneity and sometimes by raciness.
19.P is the study of language in relation to the mind.
20. The C Analysis approach was founded on the belief that it was possible, by
establishing the linguistic differences between the native and target language systems, to predict what problems learners of a particular second language would face and the types of errors they would make.
Ⅲ .Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false on the ANSWER SHEET. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and then give the correct version.(2%× 10=20%)
21. Modern linguistics considers the written form as more basic than the spoken form.
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22.The basic principle of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is using a different letter
for each distinguishable speech sound.
23.“Geo-”is an affix in the word of"geology".
24.Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs belong to minor lexical categories.
25. The sentence "My unmarried sister is maried to a bachelor"is a contradiction. 26."Hi!"and"Good morning!" are two sentences.
27. The pronunciation of Old English is very different from its modern form. 28.All dialects of a language are equally effective in expressing ideas.
29. The three areas of the brain: Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus, which are vital to language are all localized in the right hemisphere.
30.Language acquisition is a genetically determined capacity that all humans are born with.
IV . Directions: Explain the following terms and give examples for illustration where
appropriate.(3%×10=30%)
31. performance
32. assimilation rule
33. bound morphemes
34. universal grammar
35. antonyms
36. conversational implicatures 37.compounding
38. right ear advantage 39.language centers
40.language acquisition
V. Directions:Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)
41. What are the main features of the English compounds?
42. The words in the sentence "The students like the new teacher"can be divided into different strings. Which division of the following two is acceptable to native speakers of English?
(1) The/students like/the new/teacher.
(2)The students/like/the new teacher.
Give out the reason(s) for your choice and illustrate its constituent structure with a tree
diagram.
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